上海市浦东新区MCI人群痴呆相关知识知晓调查及慢性病关注度对知晓率的影响

目的调查上海市浦东新区入册MCI老人痴呆相关知识知晓情况及慢性病的关注度对知晓率的影响。方法采用自行设计的老年痴呆防治相关知识知晓率的调查表,包括性别、年龄和学历等一般情况及相关知识问卷等测量工具对2016年入档的942名MCI干预项目老人痴呆知识知晓率开展调查,根据客观及主观认为有无慢性病将MCI分为四组,分别为无慢性病(A组),仅客观有慢性病(B组),仅主观有慢性病(C组),客观及主观均有慢性病(D组),比较各组对痴呆相关知识知晓率的情况。结果通过独立样本T检验提示,有慢性病组的痴呆严重性、影响因素和总分准确率显著高于无慢性病组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),通过多重比较的LSD法进一步两两比较,在痴呆严重性准确率维度上,D组准确率最低,具有显著性差异(P<0.01);在就医信息、概念、总分准确率上,B组最低,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在影响因素准确率上,C组显著高于B组及D组,其结果具有显著性差异(P<0.01);在总分准确率上,C组高于D组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论有慢性病组对痴呆相关知识知晓率高于无慢性病组。无慢性病MCI对慢性病的适度关注及注意力有益于对痴呆相关知识的了解,同时有慢性病MCI对患慢性病关注不足或回避态度将不利于MCI的早期识别,进一步延误病情。加强社区慢性病健康相关知识的宣教,积极的关注自身的健康,对慢性病引起足够的重视,有助于减少痴呆的发病。     

The possibility of addressing epistemic injustice through engaged research practice: reflections on a menstruation related critical health education project in South Africa

Abstract

Questions of epistemic injustice in relation to community engagement activities have rarely been interrogated. While it is often purported that when academics and community members are involved in the co-creation of knowledge through a mutually beneficial exchange of resources and expertise, all participants emerge as active stakeholders in the knowledge production process, little research has been done on how academics or community partners experience these processes from an epistemological perspective. Does the proposed process of repositioning research participants in community engagement praxis allows for a new power dynamic to emerge in research such that all parties genuinely share equal responsibility for determining the processes and outcomes of the knowledge production process? Do such activities allow for an epistemological shift away from traditional knowledge construction paradigms to ones in which the democratisation of knowledge is prioritised? Does such an epistemological shift in the knowledge construction paradigm extend beyond simply the knowledge construction process to interpersonal relationships between academics and community members who see themselves as co-protagonists in a shared project? In grappling with these questions I will draw on my own, personal experiences working in a menstruation related engaged research critical health education project in South Africa, to discuss the complexities of whether and how the amelioration of epistemic injustices are being served through community engagement activities.     

Continuous dosing of a novel contraceptive vaginal ring releasing Nestorone® and estradiol: pharmacokinetics from a dose-finding study

Background

As part of a program to develop a novel estradiol-releasing contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR), we evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of CVRs releasing segesterone acetate (Nestorone® (NES)) combined with one of three different estradiol (E₂) doses.

Provider communication with adolescent and young females during sexual and reproductive health visits: findings from the 2011–2015 National Survey of Family Growth

Objective

This study assesses provider communication with adolescent and young women about birth control, emergency contraception and condoms during sexual and reproductive health visits.

Development of a patient-reported measure of the interpersonal quality of family planning care

Objective

The objective was to describe the development and assess evidence of the validity of a patient-reported scale measuring the interpersonal quality of contraceptive counseling.

Cervical cancer prevention-related knowledge and attitudes among female undergraduate students from different ethnic groups within China,a survey-based study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to understand cervical cancer prevention-related knowledge and attitudes among female undergraduate students from different ethnic groups within China. We conducted a survey among ethnically diverse female students from the Minzu University of China, in Beijing in October, 2014. Results: Questionnaires from 493 participants aged from 16 to 26 years were included in the final database. The seven ethnic groups included in the final analysis were Han, Korean, Mongolian, Uyghur, Tibetan, Hui, and Tujia. Compared to the Han Chinese, the members of the other six ethnic groups had lower cervical cancer knowledge levels. The knowledge scores of Mongolian and Korean students were significantly lower than those of the Han Chinese. The willingness to accept cervical cancer prevention efforts also differed across different ethnic groups. After adjusting for age and place of residence, the acceptance of cervical cancer screening among the Tibetan, Uyghur, and Korean groups was significantly lower than among the Han Chinese, with different related decision-making factors in each group. Cervical cancer prevention-related public education is an urgent need in China. Extra consideration of ethnic differences should be taken into account when designing and improving new current cervical cancer prevention programs.     

3099例孕妇的孕期营养知识知晓情况及影响因素分析

目的了解孕妇的营养知识水平及其相关因素,为孕期营养教育提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的一般情况调查表和孕期营养知识问卷对3 099例产检孕妇进行调查。结果孕期营养知晓率为73.73%。肥胖导致孕期糖尿病、体重指数、正常体重孕妇理想增重范围、早孕反应进食少是否会影响胎儿的生长发育等方面知晓率低,分别为39.98%、33.49%、49.34%、29.85%。本人户籍、本人教育程度、丈夫教育程度、家庭月收入、年龄、分娩史为孕期营养知识知晓率的相关因素。结论要针对不同文化程度、不同地域孕妇开展多种形式的营养知识教育,尤其针对文化程度低及初产妇实施个体化教育,宣传范围应扩展到孕妇的配偶及其他家庭成员,从而全面提高孕妇的孕期营养知识水平,形成正确的行为。     

陕西省乡镇卫生院全科医生对抗生素使用的知识-态度-行为研究

目的：调查乡镇卫生院全科医生对抗生素的用药知识、态度和行为现状,为规范临床抗生素合理使用提供理论依据。方法：采用自行设计的"全科医生对抗生素合理使用的知识-态度-行为"问卷,于2016年3月到6月期间对陕西省乡镇卫生院全科医生进行问卷调查。问卷包括个人信息、知识、态度和行为4个部分。结果：共发放问卷250份,得到有效问卷234份,有效回收率93.6%。受访者对抗生素相关知识得分的中位数为6（6-7）,获得相关知识的主要途径是教材和培训,不同性别受访者对抗生素的认知水平存在统计学差异;受访者对抗生素用药的总体态度和行为得分分别为31.71±3.93和26.97±3.17;抗生素相关知识与态度、态度与行为的相关系数分别为0.139和0.146（p<0.05）。结论：全科医生对抗生素相关专业知识掌握不够牢固,存在滥用倾向,有超过1/3的全科医生会经常经验性地使用抗生素。建议政府继续加大对乡镇卫生院的卫生资源投入和配置;加强对社区医生,尤其是全科医生抗生素用药的岗位培训和继续教育。     

Well-woman Care Barriers and Facilitators of Low-income Women Obtaining Induced Abortion after the Affordable Care Act

Objectives

This study uses the abortion visit as an opportunity to identify women lacking well-woman care (WWC) and explores factors influencing their ability to obtain WWC after implementation of the Affordable Care Act.